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DNS record types explained
A, AAAA, CNAME, MX, TXT, NS, CAA and SRV: what each DNS record does, with real examples you can copy.
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How DNS works
DNS turns a name like example.com into the IP address of a server. Here is every step of a lookup, and why caching makes…
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What is cPanel (and Plesk)?
Control panels put a web interface on top of a hosting server, so you can manage sites, email, databases and files without the command…
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What does 99.9% uptime actually mean?
Uptime percentages converted into real downtime per month and year, and what a host’s guarantee really promises.
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How much RAM and CPU does a website need?
Rough starting sizes for common sites, why memory runs out before CPU, and how to measure what your own site actually uses.
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Managed or unmanaged hosting: which do you need?
The server can be identical. What changes is who installs updates, watches for problems and fixes things at 3 a.m.
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Shared, VPS, dedicated or cloud hosting: what is the difference?
Four labels, one question: how a physical server is divided up, and who looks after your part of it.
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What is web hosting?
A website is a set of files and usually a database. Hosting is the computer that keeps them online and answers every visitor’s request,…
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How to fix ERR_SSL_PROTOCOL_ERROR
The browser and server could not agree on a secure connection at all. Usually HTTPS is not set up on that port, or the…
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Why do my emails go to spam?
Most legitimate mail lands in spam for fixable reasons: missing SPF, DKIM or DMARC, a server with a poor reputation, or a site sending…
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How to fix the WordPress white screen of death
A blank page or “There has been a critical error” means PHP stopped with a fatal error. Find the plugin or theme responsible and…
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How to fix “Error establishing a database connection”
WordPress cannot reach its database. Either the login details are wrong, the database server is down, or the database itself is damaged.
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How to fix ERR_CONNECTION_REFUSED
The server answered, but nothing was listening on that port. Usually the web server is stopped, listening elsewhere, or a firewall rejects you.
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How to fix ERR_TOO_MANY_REDIRECTS
Two rules are sending visitors back and forth forever. Usually HTTP and HTTPS, or www and non-www, set differently in two places.
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How to fix “Your connection is not private”
The browser does not trust the site’s certificate. What each NET::ERR_CERT code means, and how to fix it on either side.
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How to fix DNS_PROBE_FINISHED_NXDOMAIN
The browser asked DNS for the site’s address and was told the name does not exist. Check the spelling, your own DNS, then the…
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How to fix 429 Too Many Requests
A rate limit was hit. Slow down if you are the visitor; if you run the site, decide whether the limit is protecting you…
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How to fix 404 Not Found errors on your site
A few 404s are normal. Sudden ones, or every page except the home page, point to a broken rewrite, a moved page or a…
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How to fix 403 Forbidden
The server found the page but will not show it. Usually file permissions, a missing index file, or a security rule. Here is how…
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How to fix 503 Service Unavailable
The server is up but refusing work for now: maintenance mode, an overload, or a limit being hit. How to tell which, and clear…
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How to fix 500 Internal Server Error
A 500 is the server’s way of saying “something broke and I won’t say what”. The error log will. Here is where to find…
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How to fix 504 Gateway Timeout
The backend is alive but too slow. Find the slow request, raise the right timeout only if the work is genuinely long, and fix…
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How to fix 502 Bad Gateway
A 502 means the web server asked the program behind it for a page and got no usable answer. Find which part failed in…